Exploring the Science Behind Female Sexual Desire

And if she doesn't have significant side effects and it improves her intimate life, just thinking about sex makes people have sex more often, so the placebo effect can be significant. Announcer: TheScopeRadio.com is University of Utah Health Sciences Radio. If you like what you heard, be sure to get our latest content by following us on Facebook.

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And if she doesn't have significant side effects and it improves her intimate life, just thinking about sex makes people have sex more often, so the placebo effect can be significant. Announcer: TheScopeRadio.com is University of Utah Health Sciences Radio. If you like what you heard, be sure to get our latest content by following us on Facebook. Sexual dysfunction refers to dissatisfaction with sexual function leading to distress (1). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes sexual desire/arousal, orgasm, and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorders (2).

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These disorders root in vascular, nervous, hormonal, or psychological causes (3). Forty-one percent of women of reproductive age worldwide mention sexual dysfunction as a common medical problem (4). There is a powerful link between sexual dysfunction and quality of life, known as a common health problem all over the world (5). Sexual dysfunction can have devastating effects on women’s self-respect, a sense of being total and complete, and interactive relationships while also contributing to mental disorders. FSD can cause conflicts and ultimately lead to divorce or negative effects on fertility (6). Sexual dysfunction refers to dissatisfaction with sexual function leading to distress (1).

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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes sexual desire/arousal, orgasm, and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorders (2). These disorders root in vascular, nervous, hormonal, or psychological causes (3). Forty-one percent of women of reproductive age worldwide mention sexual dysfunction as a common medical problem (4). There is a powerful link between sexual dysfunction and quality of life, known as a common health problem all over the world (5). Sexual dysfunction can have devastating effects on women’s self-respect, a sense of being total and complete, and interactive relationships while also contributing to mental disorders. FSD can cause conflicts and ultimately lead to divorce or negative effects on fertility (6). Women's sexual life and fertility are strongly affected by their sexual disorders, while various biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to the prevalence of sexual disorders. Persistently notable risk factors for sexual dysfunction include disability, mental disorders, tension, miscarriage, urogenital problems, female genital mutilation, miserable relationship, and sexual harassment and rape (7).

Key Features and Specifications to Evaluate

All studies used the female sexual function index (FSFI) (Table 1). A summary of the studies included in the systematic review and the herbs used in the studies is provided in the following. Abbreviations: FSFI, female sexual function index; FSDS, Female Sexual Distress Scale; cenforce 200 uk SAR, sexual activity record; BDI, beck depression inventory; DISF-SR, derogatis interview for sexual function-self report; QS-F, Sexual Quotient Female Questionnaire. In Sadeghi et al.’s (2020) study, carrot seed improved the total scores of sexual function (7.329 ± 0.830, P < 0.001), desire (4.1 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), moisture (4.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.019), arousal (0.8 ± 4.1, P < 0.001), satisfaction (1.1 ± 4.8, P < 0.001), orgasm (0.9 ± 3.9, P < 0.001), and pain (1 ± 5.4, P = 0.001) (12). According to Dalil Heirati et al.’s (2020) study, there was no statistically important difference between the two groups in terms of the total mean scores of sexual function and its dimensions after one month of intervention (P ≥ 0.05).

Ospemifene (Osphena)

Only the score of orgasm showed an improvement in the comparison of intragroup scores (P = 0.02) (13). The results of another study by Dalil Heirati et al. (2021) showed no significant differences between the dimensions of sexual function after 16 weeks of intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the total score of sexual function, according to which the vitagnus group had a higher score than the placebo after two months (P < 0.05) (14). (2020), the orgasm dimension scores were significantly higher in the group taking herbal composition compared to the control group (P < 0.001); however, the two groups are the same in terms of sexual satisfaction (P = 0.14) (15). Many treatments, including chemical tadacip 20 mg tablet online drugs, have been investigated to improve FSD. However, complementary medicine has been proposed as an appropriate alternative for improving sexual function disorders due to concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs (8). Hence, many affected individuals often seek alternative treatments, such as herbal medicines, despite developing new drug therapies for sexual dysfunction (3).

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Women's sexual life and fertility are strongly affected by their sexual disorders, while various biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to the prevalence of sexual disorders. Persistently notable risk factors for sexual dysfunction include disability, mental disorders, tension, miscarriage, urogenital problems, female genital mutilation, miserable relationship, and sexual harassment and rape (7). Many treatments, including chemical tadacip 20 mg tablet online drugs, have been investigated to improve FSD. However, complementary medicine has been proposed as an appropriate alternative for improving sexual function disorders due to concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs (8). Hence, many affected individuals often seek alternative treatments, such as herbal medicines, despite developing new drug therapies for sexual dysfunction (3).

5. Data Extraction

The mechanism of action of these medicines is not fully known; however, according to recent research, the medicinal substances in these herbs can enhance sexual function by affecting the brain, endocrine system, and gonads. Herbal medicines also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may improve sexual function (9). However, there is no effective herbal or even chemical treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for FSD so far, or the therapeutic effects have been limited to placebo and trial and error. Accordingly, new studies continue to prove the medical efficacy of herbs and find effective herbal remedies (10). If the effects of herbal medicines on the improvement of female sexual function and sexual satisfaction are investigated and confirmed, these medicines can replace chemical medicines. The mechanism of action of these medicines is not fully known; however, according to recent research, the medicinal substances in these herbs can enhance sexual function by affecting the brain, endocrine system, and gonads. Herbal medicines also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may improve sexual function (9). However, there is no effective herbal or even chemical treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for FSD so far, or the therapeutic effects have been limited to placebo and trial and error. Accordingly, new studies continue to prove the medical efficacy of herbs and find effective herbal remedies (10). If the effects of herbal medicines on the improvement of female sexual function and sexual satisfaction are investigated and confirmed, these medicines can replace chemical medicines. Therefore, considering the high outbreak of FSD among women of reproductive age and the tendency of the affected individuals to use complementary medicine, this systematic review aims to investigate the effects of herbal medicines on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age. The research population of the current systematic review included all randomized clinical trial studies on the effects of herbal medicines on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age. The researchers searched the international databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the national SID database.

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Articles with a score of ≥ 3 were included in the study. According to the research objectives, this study examined all published articles in electronic databases. A total number of 1120 articles (Google Scholar = 737; Cochrane Library = 37; Web of Science = 23; Scopus = 169; Science Direct = 112; PubMed = 24; SID = 18) were extracted through primary search using relevant keywords. Finally, 21 articles with a total sample size of 1625 were evaluated after the removal of duplicate articles by a review of the titles, abstracts, and then the full texts (Figure 1). Two studies were excluded due to lack of access to the full text, and one study was excluded due to re-reporting results in a new study.

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All articles were randomized controlled clinical trials published during 2014 - 2022. Among the included studies, only one had a cross-sectional, and others followed a parallel design. Most of the studies were conducted in Iran (17 studies), two in America, and in Bulgaria, Brazil, Australia, India, and South Korea, one study each. In this review, there were four articles on Russian olive, two on chaste tree, two on bindii, two on ginseng, one on carrot seed, one on fenugreek, one on saffron, one on rose flower, one on palm pollen, one on celery seed, one on winter cherry, one on lemon balm, one on pomegranate peel, one on squill bulb, and one on a mixture of oak gall, pomegranate peel, and fenugreek seed. All studies used a placebo control group except for one study in which the control group received no medication. A manual search was also carried out to find the articles that could not be retrieved in the electronic search.

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There were four studies on the Russian olive. In Zeinalzadeh et al.’s (2017) study, sexual desire disorder dropped significantly from 53.7 to 19.5 after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sexual satisfaction score (0.89 vs. 0.96) and mean androgenic levels pre- and post-intervention (P > 0.05) (17).

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This study examined only English or Persian language articles. All relevant articles published from 2000 to February 28, 2022, were reviewed by two independent researchers. The keywords of "sexual function, sexual dysfunction, sexual health, sexual disorders, sexual disorder, sexual satisfaction, herbal medicine, herbal treatment, herb, women, and female" were selected using the MeSH tool to find related articles in the databases, combined with Boolean operators of OR and AND. The search in the mentioned databases resulted in the retrieval of 1120 articles, which were then entered into EndNote software. Accordingly, 148 duplicate articles were identified and removed using EndNote software, followed by the examination of the titles and abstracts of 977 articles. Of the remaining articles, 939 were removed because they were not related to the objectives of the present study, after which the full texts of the remaining 38 articles were studied. The corresponding author was contacted and asked to provide the article’s full file when it was not available online. A manual search was also performed in related articles to obtain a bigger sample. Finally, 21 articles were included in the study (Figure 1) after reviewing the inclusion criteria, and their quality was evaluated by two independent authors using Verhagen’s checklist.

• Marketing claims about sex tablets often exaggerate benefits.
• Herbal ingredients like Tribulus Terrestris are common in these products.
• Supplements are available in various forms: pills, powders, or liquids.
• User reviews can provide insight into potential effectiveness.
• Women should check for allergens before trying new tablets.
• Some products include vitamins or minerals to support sexual health.
• Use caution with products that contain stimulants or unverified ingredients.
• Regular sexual activity, alongside tablets, can boost intimacy.

The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled clinical trial studies published in English or Persian on a sample of women aged 15 - 51 years without depression investigating sexual function or sexual satisfaction in which the control group had received herbal medicines. Papers whose full texts were not available, observational, qualitative, and review studies, article abstracts, and letters to the editor were excluded. A researcher-made form was used to extract data tadalista 2 5 from the texts of the selected articles. The form included details such as the author’s name, publication year, research location, study design, sample size, participants’ age, intervention type, side effects, data collection tools, findings, and results of evaluating the quality of the article. The quality of the articles was evaluated using Verhagen's checklist, designed to measure the quality of randomized clinical trial studies. The instrument consists of eight items to examine the randomization method and latent allocation, similarity of prognostic factors at baseline, specification of eligibility criteria, blinding of evaluators, providers, and participants, presentation of point estimates for outcome measures, and intention-to-treat analysis.

• Many women use sex tablets to enhance arousal and pleasure during intimacy.
• Popular sex tablets often contain herbal ingredients like ginseng or maca.
• Some women experience increased lubrication with certain sex-enhancement tablets.
• Always consult a doctor before taking sex tablets, especially if on medication.
• Sex tablets are marketed as natural or herbal, but efficacy varies widely.
• Side effects of sex tablets can include headaches, nausea, or allergic reactions.
• Ingredients like yohimbine may boost blood flow, improving sexual satisfaction.
• Some products promise to prolong orgasm or delay ejaculation for women.

For each question, the “Yes/No” and “No Idea” answers were given 1 and 0 points, respectively (11). Articles with a score of ≥ 3 were included in the study. According to the research objectives, this study examined all published articles in electronic databases. A total number of 1120 articles (Google Scholar = 737; Cochrane Library = 37; Web of Science = 23; Scopus = 169; Science Direct = 112; PubMed = 24; SID = 18) were extracted through primary search using relevant keywords. Finally, 21 articles with a total sample size of 1625 were evaluated after the removal of duplicate articles by a review of the titles, abstracts, and then the full texts (Figure 1).

• Marketing often targets women seeking natural remedies for desire.
• Many products promise quick results, but patience may be necessary.
• Effectiveness of sex tablets should be evaluated over time.
• Some tablets may contain antioxidants beneficial for reproductive health.
• Always read customer feedback before trying a new product.
• Use these tablets as a complement, not a replacement, for medical advice.
• Consider adopting a balanced diet to support sexual wellness.
• Maintaining intimacy and communication enhances tablet benefits.

Two studies were excluded due to lack of access to the full text, and one study was excluded due to re-reporting results in a new study. All articles were randomized controlled clinical trials published during 2014 - 2022. Among the included studies, only one had a cross-sectional, and others followed a parallel design. Most of the studies were conducted in Iran (17 studies), two in America, and in Bulgaria, Brazil, Australia, India, and South Korea, one study each. In this review, there were four articles on Russian olive, two on chaste tree, two on bindii, two on ginseng, one on carrot seed, one on fenugreek, one on saffron, one on rose flower, one on palm pollen, one on celery seed, one on winter cherry, one on lemon balm, one on pomegranate peel, one on squill bulb, and one on a mixture of oak gall, pomegranate peel, and fenugreek seed. All studies used a placebo control group except for one study in which the control group received no medication. All studies used the female sexual function index (FSFI) (Table 1).

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The corresponding author was contacted and asked to provide the article’s full file when it was not available online. A manual search was also performed in related articles to obtain a bigger sample. Finally, 21 articles were included in the study (Figure 1) after reviewing the inclusion criteria, and their quality was evaluated by two independent authors using Verhagen’s checklist. The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled clinical trial studies published in English or Persian on a sample of women aged 15 - 51 years without depression investigating sexual function or sexual satisfaction in which the control group had received herbal medicines. Papers whose full texts were not available, observational, qualitative, and review studies, article abstracts, and letters to the editor were excluded.

2. Objectives

A researcher-made form was used to extract data tadalista 2 5 from the texts of the selected articles. The form included details such as the author’s name, publication year, research location, study design, sample size, participants’ age, intervention type, side effects, data collection tools, findings, and results of evaluating the quality of the article. The quality of the articles was evaluated using Verhagen's checklist, designed to measure the quality of randomized clinical trial studies. The instrument consists of eight items to examine the randomization method and latent allocation, similarity of prognostic factors at baseline, specification of eligibility criteria, blinding of evaluators, providers, and participants, presentation of point estimates for outcome measures, and intention-to-treat analysis. For each question, the “Yes/No” and “No Idea” answers were given 1 and 0 points, respectively (11). A summary of the studies included in the systematic review and the herbs used in the studies is provided in the following. Abbreviations: FSFI, female sexual function index; FSDS, Female Sexual Distress Scale; cenforce 200 uk SAR, sexual activity record; BDI, beck depression inventory; DISF-SR, derogatis interview for sexual function-self report; QS-F, Sexual Quotient Female Questionnaire. In Sadeghi et al.’s (2020) study, carrot seed improved the total scores of sexual function (7.329 ± 0.830, P < 0.001), desire (4.1 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), moisture (4.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.019), arousal (0.8 ± 4.1, P < 0.001), satisfaction (1.1 ± 4.8, P < 0.001), orgasm (0.9 ± 3.9, P < 0.001), and pain (1 ± 5.4, P = 0.001) (12). According to Dalil Heirati et al.’s (2020) study, there was no statistically important difference between the two groups in terms of the total mean scores of sexual function and its dimensions after one month of intervention (P ≥ 0.05).

Dose information

Therefore, considering the high outbreak of FSD among women of reproductive age and the tendency of the affected individuals to use complementary medicine, this systematic review aims to investigate the effects of herbal medicines on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age. The research population of the current systematic review included all randomized clinical trial studies on the effects of herbal medicines on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age. The researchers searched the international databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the national SID database. A manual search was also carried out to find the articles that could not be retrieved in the electronic search. This study examined only English or Persian language articles.

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All relevant articles published from 2000 to February 28, 2022, were reviewed by two independent researchers. The keywords of "sexual function, sexual dysfunction, sexual health, sexual disorders, sexual disorder, sexual satisfaction, herbal medicine, herbal treatment, herb, women, and female" were selected using the MeSH tool to find related articles in the databases, combined with Boolean operators of OR and AND. The search in the mentioned databases resulted in the retrieval of 1120 articles, which were then entered into EndNote software. Accordingly, 148 duplicate articles were identified and removed using EndNote software, followed by the examination of the titles and abstracts of 977 articles. Of the remaining articles, 939 were removed because they were not related to the objectives of the present study, after which the full texts of the remaining 38 articles were studied. Only the score of orgasm showed an improvement in the comparison of intragroup scores (P = 0.02) (13). The results of another study by Dalil Heirati et al. (2021) showed no significant differences between the dimensions of sexual function after 16 weeks of intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the total score of sexual function, according to which the vitagnus group had a higher score than the placebo after two months (P < 0.05) (14). (2020), the orgasm dimension scores were significantly higher in the group taking herbal composition compared to the control group (P < 0.001); however, the two groups are the same in terms of sexual satisfaction (P = 0.14) (15). There were four studies on the Russian olive. In Zeinalzadeh et al.’s (2017) study, sexual desire disorder dropped significantly from 53.7 to 19.5 after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sexual satisfaction score (0.89 vs. 0.96) and mean androgenic levels pre- and post-intervention (P > 0.05) (17).